Stop Treating IaC Like “Just Code” — Security Pitfalls to Avoid!

Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, CloudFormation, Pulumi) delivers speed and consistency, but every line of config is a potential attack surface. Miss a detail and you’ve just codified a vulnerability across all environments.

Key Pitfalls

• Hard-Coded Secrets: API keys, DB creds, or tokens baked into .tf or YAML files end up in Git history forever.
• Excessive Permissions: Wildcards (*) in IAM roles or Security Groups create lateral-movement goldmines.
• Unpinned/Unverified Modules: Malicious or outdated third-party modules can sneak in supply-chain exploits.
• No Drift Detection: Without continuous monitoring, cloud resources drift from the desired state, leaving blind spots.
• Lack of Policy-as-Code: Without automated guardrails (e.g., OPA, Sentinel), risky configs slip through reviews.
• Missing Secrets Rotation & Encryption: Even when stored outside code, secrets need rotation and proper KMS policies.

Hardening Your IaC

• Integrate Security Scanning: Tools like Checkov, tfsec, or cfn-nag in CI/CD.
• Use Separate Secret Stores: HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault.
• Version & Pin Modules: Track upstream changes and audit dependencies.
• Apply “Least Privilege” from Day 0: Automated tests for IAM policies.
• Continuous Compliance: Monitor for drift with Terraform Cloud or AWS Config.

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